High Above or Below the Tree Line

 The Book

The Hocking Hills 1900-1950, by Judith Stoltz Makiskas, is a trip back in time, via postcards. As a part of the Postcard History Series the focus is on the visual. Throughout the book, readers get to see what life was like in the area surrounding Hocking Hill State Park.

The first chapter focuses on the trails and caves in and around Hocking Hills State Park. If a reader has already visited the Park, they will enjoy seeing postcards that capture everyday people hiking in the caves. The picture of Conkle’s Hollow State Nature Preserve doesn’t look much different than what I saw over fifty years later. The following six chapters focus on the people, events, businesses, and holiday celebrations in that area. While it was interesting to see them, I would have liked to have learned more about Hocking Hill State Park.

To be honest, it was hard to find a book about Hocking Hills State Park (maybe one of the readers of this blog knows of one). Most books were a hiking guide and not a history of the park. It would have been helpful if the captions in chapter one spent more time on the subject matter rather than the material or history of the postcard. The postcards do provide a window into everyday life in southeast Ohio, and reading the book is a bit like going through an old photo album with your grandparents.

The Place

Hocking Hills State Park is one of the best places to visit in Ohio during the Fall. The color of the leaves pop against the blue sky and the rock formations. Of course, it’s more crowded during that time; however, visitors can choose some of the lesser-known trails to explore.

Old Man’s Cave is a popular destination and is located by the Visitor Center. When we visited, the water was very low and we didn’t see the waterfalls. We did get to wander through rock formations far below the tree line. Adjacent to Hocking Hills State Park is Conkle’s Hollow State Nature Preserve. This was actually my favorite part of the trip. We started out on the upper trail, overlooking the gorge and tree line. Since it was a sunny day, it was fairly warm. Then, we descended into the gorge. The temperature dropped drastically and we were looking up at the trees.

Hocking Hills State Park is open year-round from sunrise to sunset. Admission is free and the Visitor Center has restrooms. Since you will be hiking, you’ll want to plan on dressing appropriately and packing snacks and water. Several of the trails require driving time in between and there is ample parking. Conkle’s Hollow has the same hours as Hocking Hills and a portion of the trail is wheelchair accessible.

Of Moths and a Girl

“We Limberlost people must not be selfish with the wonders God has given to us. We must share with those poor cooped-up city people the best we can” (34).

The Book

There is something special about novels that were written over one hundred years ago. They give us a peak into what life was like, how people interacted, and what interested them. A Girl of the Limberlost by Gene Stratton-Porter is no different. Readers get lost in the coming-of-age story, set in smalltown Indiana, on the edge of the Limberlost Swamp.

Elnora Comstock is an earnest girl who cares for others and loves sharing what she knows about the Limberlost. She will do anything to attend high school, overcoming her mother’s opposition, fear and embarrassment, and classmate snobs. When Elnora learns that attending high school will cost money, she is uncertain how she can afford it. On the way home one day, she sees a local advertisement to buy moths, butterflies, and dragonflies. Elnora already collects these in the Limberlost and makes a deal to sell them to the Bird Woman (Gene Stratton-Porter modeled this character after herself).

Over the course of four years, Elnora wins over her classmates, continues to patiently endure her mother’s bitterness, studies hard, and is actively involved at school. Even though she doesn’t receive love from her mother, she finds it with neighbors and friends. Just before graduation, Elnora’s mother does something that is the last straw for Elnora. This is a turning point for her mother, leading to a better relationship between the two of them.

Originally planning to attend college, Elnora lacks the money and accepts a natural history teacher position for the local grade school. During the summer, she continues to collect specimens, hopeful that she’ll earn enough for college the following year. A young man from Chicago, Philip, helps her hunt months and wanders the Limberlost with her. Philip shares early on that he is engaged, but an astute reader will wonder if he and Elnora are falling in love. If you want to find out what happens between the two, you’ll have to read the book!

Through dialogue and descriptive language, Statton-Porter develops her characters and propels the narrative forward. At the right moment, she reveals an important piece of information to help the reader better understand a character. Even the minor characters have a bit of a backstory that prevents them from being one-dimensional. The novel is easy to read and the reliance on dialogue makes for a quick read. There are moments when the narrative slows, the dialogue ceases, and Stratton-Porter zeroes in on a particular moment. One of my favorite lines was, “Early June was rioting in fresh grasses, bright flowers, bird songs, and gay-winged creatures of air” (181).

The Place

The Limberlost State Historic Site preserves a small piece of what was the swamps of northern Indiana. It was here that Gene Stratton-Porter lived, wrote novels and articles, and took nature photos.

The site is made up of a visitor center, Stratton-Porter’s home, and multiple swamp and marsh trails. On our visit, we started with the Rainbow Bend Trail which goes around and through the swamp. We saw massive trees, dragonflies, heron, and many frogs that hopped across our path. Next, we toured Stratton-Porter’s home. Here we learned that she was the first to photograph animals in the wild, going deep into the swamp to capture nature in its element. The tour guide did a great job sharing about the life of Stratton-Porter and elements of her life that ended up in her novels. We finished the day with a hike through the Loblolly Marsh, about a 15-minute drive from the home.

I recommend that you start at the visitor center, where you can get a map of the trails and sign up for a tour of the house. It is free to walk the trails, but there is a fee for the house tour. Tours are available three times a day, Wednesday through Sunday. We had an enthusiastic tour guide who went into a lot of detail and answered our many questions, resulting in a two-hour tour. When planning a visit to Limberlost, it is important to know a few things: you need to drive from the home to the trails, you will definitely need bug spray and sunscreen, and the trails are not paved.

Crafting the American Home

“Residential work […] remained his signature; though most architects who begin their careers designing houses avoid them when they have the opportunity to move onto large, more prestigious, and better-paying large-scale buildings, Wright continued to design houses” (235).

The Book

At first glance, Frank Lloyd Wright: The Houses, with photographs by Alan Weintraub and text by Alan Hess, is the typical coffee table book—full of commanding photographs introducing readers to numerous Wright homes. But, the book does more than that, it provides a biography of Wright through the lens of his designs.

In his early days (late 1880s-early 1900s), Wright focused on designs for houses, switching between traditional and experimental. His experiments soon led to what we call the Prairie Style today and many of them were built in the Chicago suburbs. These designs were the right fit for his middle-class clients who were self-made, active in the suburbs, and had children. Later, Wright’s designs were influenced by his time in Los Angeles and Arizona, and experimented with different materials like concrete blocks.

The 1930s brought a renewed interest in Wright’s style and, at 68, he became a celebrated architect. His houses were both large scale (like Fallingwater) and smaller sizes for the suburban middle class. He never stopped experimenting with materials or shapes, allowing him to continue to push the boundaries of residential architecture. Today, Wright’s influence can be seen on the mid-century ranch, the layout of the family home, and the embedding of a home in nature.

Frank Lloyd Wright: The Houses is first and foremost, a photography book. The exterior and interior of the featured homes are put on display, allowing the viewer to see the similarities, differences, and attention to detail. Wright didn’t just design houses; he also designed the furniture and fixtures. Some of the photos have detailed captions, but I often wished to see more connection between the essays and the photos. This would have helped me visualize what the essays described. The book is not meant to be read straight through and some of the essays can get quite detailed. Readers can pick a time period, read about it, or flip through the photos.

The Place

When you hear the name Frank Lloyd Wright, you don’t typically associate it with Ohio. Yet, nestled in an unassuming neighborhood of Springfield, Ohio is the Westcott House. While it isn’t one of the feature homes in Frank Lloyd Wright: The Houses, it has a lot of similarities with the ones that are included.

I had previously toured the Frank Lloyd Wright Home and Studio in Oak Park, Illinois. The Westcott House had many similarities, despite being built about a decade later. Our tour guide pointed out architectural details unique to the home and typical of a Wright house. The tour begins in one side of the gift shop—which used to be the garage, and continues through the backyard into the first floor living areas. As you walk through the first and second floors, you also learn about Burton and Orpha Westcott, prominent Springfield citizens.

The Westcott House is open for guided tours, three times a day, that last roughly 90 minutes. They are closed on Mondays and major holidays. There is an admission fee and street parking.

Old Hickory

“I shall anticipate with pleasure the place to be assigned me in the history of my country, and die contented with the belief that I have contributed in some small degree to increase the value and prolong the duration of American liberty” – Andrew Jackson (287-288).

The Book

American Lion: Andrew Jackson in the White House by Jon Meacham tackles the story of a complicated, and sometimes contradictory, figure who looms large over US history. Jackson the youth was scrappy, defensive, and an orphan. Jackson the man was proud, brave, passionate, stubborn, a family man, and a leader who inspired loyalty. Throughout the book, Meacham supports his argument that Jackson viewed the country as his family and he would defend it from anything, just as he would his personal family.

Jackson’s early years were far from stable: born after his father died, he was a servant in the home of wealthier relatives, lost both brothers to the Revolutionary War, and his mother died soon after. Despite this, and limited formal schooling, Jackson was well-read and earned his law license. After marrying, Jackson served in a variety of government roles in Tennessee and Congress. His success at the 1815 Battle of New Orleans propelled him to national and international fame. This almost led to the White House in 1824, but Jackson lost to John Quincy Adams in a very close election. In 1828, he defeated Adams and ushered in a reckoning for the political establishment.

A popular president, Jackson met opposition with a strengthened resolve. The eight years he spent in the White House were marked by several major issues: a state’s ability to nullify federal law, removal of Native Americans from their land, the role of the president and federal government, the National Bank, and a cabinet crisis. Throughout each issue, Jackson maintained that he knew best for the country and expanded the powers of the presidency. A sampling of facts reveals the type of president Jackson was: he survived two assassination attempts, chased one assailant with his walking stick, was formally censured by the Senate for his fight with the National Bank, and was the only president to pay off the national debt.

Meacham’s thesis that Jackson was the family man to the US allows for a different kind of biography. An emphasis is placed on Jackson’s personal side, which is important to truly understand an individual. Character sketches of Jackson draw the reader in, to help them understand, sympathize, and be frustrated with him. Letter excerpts from Jackson, his rivals, friends, and adversaries provide context into the people, relationships, and times. Two robust sections of black and white images are included. There is a lot of information, mainly focused on the years in the White House (1828-1836). For the most part it is easy to follow and engrossing, except when the narrative jumps ahead. The chapters are shorter in parts two and three, mimicking the quickening of the narrative. Some of the shorter chapters feel like you are missing something, particularly those on the 1824 and 1828 elections.

The Place

Andrew Jackson’s Hermitage provides visitors with the ability to fully immerse themselves in the adult life of the seventh president. Our visit began in the small museum, which walks visitors through the life of Jackson and displays artifacts from his early life, military career, and presidency. After the that began on the front porch. A costumed tour guide told of the people, architecture, and experiences that make up the building’s history. A highlight was seeing Jackson’s slippers (size 7!). From there we walked through the slave quarters and passed a cotton field. What I found particularly unique about this presidential home is that it is still a fully functional farm. There are over 1,000 acres of land; in fact, we saw turkeys and deer as we drove through.

The Hermitage is open daily, from 9am to 6pm. Visitors have the option to purchase a Grounds pass or a Mansion Tour pass (which includes access to the grounds and the museum). If you are going to visit, it makes the most sense to do the Mansion Tour for the full experience. Tickets can be purchased online or on-site. Photos are permitted in the museum and outside, but not in the mansion. There is quite a bit of walking on the grounds (the walkways are paved), with the buildings spread out. You could easily spend a whole day here, and there are plenty of places for a picnic lunch or there is a restaurant in the visitor center.

Dayton’s Classified Nuclear Past

“The work in Dayton was so essential to the success of the bomb project and so deeply hidden within the already-secure Manhattan Project…” (60).

The Book

When most people hear about the development of the atomic bomb, their first thought is not Dayton, Ohio. Author Linda Carrick Thomas sets out to change that in Polonium in the Playhouse: The Manhattan Project’s Secret Chemistry Work in Dayton, Ohio. That secret work, to produce refined polonium for the nuclear bomb trigger mechanism, still remains the most classified aspect of the Manhattan Project today.

The first atomic bomb was dropped on August 6, 1945. Only seven years earlier evidence of nuclear fission was found in uranium, making atomic weapons possible; and, four years earlier British scientists announced that an atomic bomb could be ready in two years. These two events accelerated the work of US scientists and military personnel in atomic weapons. The Manhattan Project was created in the summer of 1942 and housed in the Army, to ensure total secrecy. There were several locations throughout the country that were compartmentalized to help protect the work from any leaks.

Dayton was home to several locations, beginning in the spring of 1943. The Dayton Project operated in the Monsanto laboratory, leased space from the Dayton Board of Education, and converted the Talbott family’s private hall. The latter two were located in the heart of neighborhoods. Twenty-four-hour guards kept an eye on the work, as trucks with radioactive material drove in and out of the facilities. The chemists in Dayton purified polonium for the plutonium implosion bomb, with the first shipment for purification arriving in April 1945. Three months later, there was enough purified to test the first atomic bomb in New Mexico. Just two weeks after that, the parts for the plutonium bomb (Fat Man) arrived in the Pacific and it was dropped on Nagasaki August 9. It isn’t until then that the Dayton Project workers finally learned what they had been working on.

After World War II, nuclear research transitioned to universities and national laboratories. A new facility was built in Miamisburg, Ohio to continue the polonium work until it was decommissioned in 1993. Parts of the Dayton Project were declassified in 1983 and the late 1990s. As of the writing of this book, 2017, some is still classified.

Polonium in the Playhouse is a compact book that introduces the reader to many different parts of the story: the Manhattan Project, the Dayton Project, chemistry and nuclear research, and key individuals. For the most part, the chapters move quickly and the science is easy to follow. Thomas situates the Dayton Project within the greater Manhattan Project, explains the methods for recovering polonium from lead dioxide, and describes the polonium purification process. I found it helpful to read the first appendix, a science primer, before the narrative dives into the development of the bomb (in between chapters two and three). Black and white photos, charts, and drawings—directly related to the surrounding text—help readers visualize the people and science.

The Place

The Mound Cold War Discovery Center could be easily missed. It’s 20 minutes south of Dayton and in an unassuming office building. Across the street is the Miamisburg Mound, a prehistoric burial site that commands your attention more than the Discovery Center. However, once inside, visitors quickly learn how significant this site was to the ending of World War II. When I went with my dad—a former chemist and employee for a nuclear energy company—we spent quite a bit of time there. The accessible hands-on exhibits and artifacts helped to tell the story that began with racing to develop an atomic bomb and ended with satellite communications. I particularly enjoyed the Geiger counter that demonstrates how radiation protection works.

The Discovery Center is open Wednesday-Saturday from 10am to 4pm; admission and parking are free. It is self-guided, but group tours can be arranged. Depending on your interest level, you could spend less than an hour or over an hour there. The Mound Cold War Discovery Center is worth the drive, for it is just another reminder about the role Dayton has played in historic events throughout the years.

“Water Spouting”

Waikiki was “one of those interesting landscapes which the eye of a meditative mind could long contemplate with new felt pleasure and move slowly over without wishing to quit its various and picturesque beauties” (83-84).

The Book

One of the most recognizable beaches in the world, Waikiki, also has a unique place in Hawaiian history and culture. Waikiki: 100 BC to 1900 AD – An Untold Story, by George S. Kanahele, relies on oral histories, historical sources, and natural and scientific evidence to recreate the people, place, and culture for the reader.

The first Polynesians arrived on the island of Oahu roughly 1800 years ago. They first landed at what is now Bellows Field, on the eastern side of the island, eventually making their way to Waikiki (Hawaiian for “water spouting”). These early settlers were self-sustaining family units who fished and farmed taro (a root vegetable). Author Kanahele recreates community life based on what is known about Hawaiian culture: the labor-intensive taro farming, the use of plants to create tools and clothing, and the integral role the gods played in daily life. Once the population grew, the need for chiefs arose. The chiefs loomed large over the history and culture of Hawaii, eventually leading to the royal lineage.

In 1400, King Maʻilikūkahi moved his capitol to Waikiki. He divided the land of Oahu into districts and had it surveyed. The region prospered under him and he was respected by all his subjects. The next 400 years were marked by both effective and ineffective chiefs. In 1795, the battle of Nuʻuanu unified the Hawaiian Islands under King Kamehameha I, who built his capitol and residence in Waikiki. Just one year later, Kona and Lahaina joined Waikiki as the shared capitols of the kingdom. The capitol permanently moved to Honolulu in 1809, because its harbor could better accommodate ships of all sizes.

The population of Waikiki quickly declined, due to wars among the people, disease brought by Europeans, and the loss of capitol city status, and the taro fields and buildings fell into disrepair. Waikiki soon was seen as a traditional rural community, compared to the city of Honolulu. However, by the 1860s, an improved road in between the cities elevated Waikiki to a seaside resort. The first primitive bathhouse opened in 1881 and the first beachside hotel in 1888, the start of commercial hospitality.

Waikiki: 100 BC to 1900 AD – An Untold Story balances legends, natural science, cultural practices, and history to create an engaging narrative. The chapters begin with an introductory paragraph and are divided into short, topical sections. Black and white photos and maps are interspersed throughout. While helpful, they are often not related to the chapter they are located in. Kanahele goes into more detail for some components, like taro farming, to provide more context to the reader. In some respects, Waikiki feels more like a book about Oahu or Hawaiian culture and how that impacts Waikiki.

The Place

Today, Waikiki is very different from the community of taro farmers and fishermen and it’s come a long way since the first primitive bathhouse opened. Hotels, restaurants, and shops line the shore and the beaches are crowded with vacationers.

When my family visited, we only had a few minutes to walk along the sand and take in the views of Diamond Head and the Pacific Ocean. We were on Fort DeRussy Beach, which is under the jurisdiction of the US Army. The beach and park are open to the public. Towards the edge of the park is a pier that juts out into the Pacific Ocean; it provides great views of Waikiki at the end.

*For additional locations see these blog posts:

    Island Fortress (Dec. 5, 2023)

    V-J Day (Aug. 17, 2021)

    Mistakes and Surprises at the Pacific Fleet (Oct. 29, 2019)

    The Last Hawaiian Monarch (March 12, 2019)

    United the Islands (Oct. 2, 2018)

    A Day that Will Live in Infamy (June 26, 2018)

Lions, Tigers, and Bears!

“I always saw potential for humor in animals. I loved them, and I was always telling stories about them…” (4).

The Book

For many, the name Jack Hanna is synonymous with the Columbus Zoo and the world of animals. Hanna’s autobiography, Jungle Jack: Into the Wild, presents a humble man who loved his family and animals.

Hanna’s family moved to a farm outside Knoxville, TN when he was five years old. This cemented his early love for animals and led to a summer job with a local veterinarian at the age of 11. Hanna was able to ride along with the vet when he cared for the animals at the Knoxville Zoo, planting seeds for the future. Despite struggling in school, Hanna did enjoy his college speech class and graduated, planning to be a zookeeper.

During the 1970s, Hanna and his wife Suzi, bounced around the south working at zoos or as exotic animal caretakers. They had three daughters, who became just as enthralled with animals as their parents. In 1978, 31-year-old Hanna was hired as the director of the Columbus Zoo, despite the board’s concern with his youth and inexperience. Hanna dived into the opportunity, focusing on energizing the employees and improving the zoo through natural habitats for the animals and creating a relationship with the community. As director, Hanna served as an ambassador, appearing on Good Morning America and the David Letterman Show. Later, he had his own TV shows – Jack Hanna’s Animal Adventures and Jack Hanna’s Into the Wild – these often included his family.

Jungle Jack: Into the Wild is a lot of fun to read, especially if you love animals. It feels like you are sitting in Hanna’s living room, listening to him reflect on his life. The animal stories made me laugh out loud, cringe, or warmed my heart. There are two sections of color photos and black and white photos sprinkled throughout; they highlight the Hanna family and numerous animal experiences. Hanna is quick to give credit to those who provided him support and encouragement and emphasizes the need to treat wild animals with respect. Hanna also editorializes, explaining how practices have changed over time. He clearly states why he feels zoos are important: they aid in conservation efforts and the animals act as ambassadors for those in the wild.

The Place

It’s hard to be bored at the Columbus Zoo and Aquarium, with numerous animals to see in action, exhibits to explore, and amusement rides. As you plan your trip, make sure to check out the special animal encounters or events that are happening.

I have visited twice, both in the winter. First, a friend and I visited on a chilly December day. We spent the day in the Zoo, wandering through well marked areas that grouped animals by their native lands. The Zoo has done a fantastic job mimicking the natural habitats of animals, allowing visitors to see them “in the wild”. Some of my favorites included the baby elephant, penguins, and polar bears. The manatee exhibit is unique because the goal is to rehabilitate and send the manatees back to Florida. In the evening, we had fun at Wildlights, the holiday light show. The Zoo is decked out in Christmas lights, some animals remain active, and there are musical light shows. The second time I visited, it was just in the evening, for the Wildlights. My friend and I were there on a Friday night, which is typically busy. However, the below freezing temperature kept the crowds away.

The Zoo is open every day, except Thanksgiving and Christmas Day, from 9am to 5pm. Hours do vary in the winter months and on weekends. Day passes must be purchased, or you can buy a membership. There is a large parking lot, with a fee per car. The Zoo can be crowded during special events or nice weather. If you don’t mind the rain or cold, it might be a good idea to go when you can avoid crowds.