Military Drill for Independence

“[Baron von Steuben’s] name was linked inextricably to the rebirth of the army, a rebirth that had taken place in the snows of Valley Forge” (166).

The Book

The Drillmaster of Valley Forge by Paul Lockhart is an insightful look into Baron von Steuben; the man credited with training the Continental Army at Valley Forge in 1778. However, Steuben’s story is much broader than his months at Valley Forge.

Steuben was born into the military society of Prussia and joined the Prussian infantry at the age of 16, in 1746. The Prussian army was considered one of the premier militaries of that time and Steuben learned valuable lessons to be used later in his life. After being dismissed from the Prussian army in 1763, Steuben moved from job to job. In 1777, he was recruited by an American agent and soon left for America. Steuben arrived in Valley Forge (February 1778) where he spent time observing the army and providing advice to Washington. In March, Steuben was given his first assignment: train the army. It was impossible to do it all by himself, so Steuben trained a select few who returned to their regiments to train others. The army made quick progress, which was noticed and appreciated by many.

For many Americans, this is where Steuben’s story ends. Lockhart’s biography details the rest of Steuben’s major contributions. He acted as a scout, using his Prussian training to predict British movements, and served as a commander of troops during battles. Outside of training the army at Valley Forge, Steuben had three lasting impacts. He composed a book of military regulations, which drew from Prussian and French regulations and was adapted to the American mindset. The “Blue Book” was the official regulation through the War of 1812. Steuben also proposed a military academy (eventually West Point) and his high regard for discipline is still evident in the army.

Throughout the book, Lockhart writes in a way that is easily accessible for most readers, intertwining Steuben’s story with the fight for independence. It is a military biography, so there is an emphasis on military maneuvers, training, and terminology. But, the book would not be complete without this military emphasis. The reader feels like she can visualize the chaos and uncertainty of the time period, and fully understand Baron von Steuben’s imprint on America.

The Place

Valley Forge is located about 3o miles northwest of Philadelphia. The park grounds have separate operating hours than the Visitor Center, Washington’s Headquarters, Train Station, Washington Memorial Chapel, and Varnum’s Quarters. It is important to check the hours before visiting the park. Because Valley Forge is a part of the National Park Service, entrance is free.

I would recommend beginning your visit at the Visitor Center. It provides an overview of Valley Forge and numerous artifacts from the winter encampment. After the Visitor Center, you are ready to roam Valley Forge. Both driving self-guided and trolley guided tours are available. The tours will take you past replica cabins that soldiers would have stayed in, the home Washington used as his headquarters, and the plain where Steuben trained and drilled the army. Valley Forge is a significant place to visit and serves as a reminder of the work and sacrifice for American independence.